中兴ZXDU48 H001，中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
- 产地：中国大陆
- 供应商：山东格伦德电源科技有限公司
- 供应商报价：电议
- 标签：中兴ZXDU48 H001，中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜,智能控制,电源,供应中兴ZXDU48 H001，中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜,山东格伦德电源科技有限公司
产品库
中兴ZXDU48 H001，中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
ZXDU68 H001系统采用一体化机柜,可内置一组蓄电池,集交流配电,直流配电,整流,监控和蓄电池于一体。该系统可壁挂安装于狭窄的安装地点,为负载提供稳定可靠的-48V直流供电,并节省安装空间。
供应ZXDU68 H001(90A)中兴壁挂通信
电源
产品特性
ZXDU48 H001(90A) 是由中兴通讯设计的壁挂式高频开关电源系统,系统标准配置60A,满容量达90A,由3个ZXD1000(30A)整流器组成。
ZXDU48 H001系统采用一体化机柜,可内置一组蓄电池,集交流配电,直流配电,整流,监控和蓄电池于一体。该系统可壁挂安装于狭窄的安装地点,为负载提供稳定可靠的-48V直流供电,并节省安装空间。
供应ZXDU68 H001(90A)中兴壁挂通信电源
应用领域
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The ZXDU68 H001 system uses an integrated cabinet, which can build a set of batteries, which integrates AC distribution, DC distribution, rectification, monitoring ａnd storage battery. The system can be mounted on a narrow installation site, providing a stable ａnd reliable -48V DC power supply for the load, ａnd saving the installation space.
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Characteristics of the supply of ZXDU68 H001 (90A) Zhongxing wall hanging communication power supply
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ZXDU68 H001 (90A) is a wall mounted high-frequency switching power supply system designed by ZTE. The system has standard 60A configuration, ａnd the full capacity is up to 90A. It consists of 3 ZXD1000 (30A) rectifiers.
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The ZXDU68 H001 system uses an integrated cabinet, which can build a set of batteries, which integrates AC distribution, DC distribution, rectification, monitoring ａnd storage battery. The system can be mounted on a narrow installation site, providing a stable ａnd reliable -48V DC power supply for the load, ａnd saving the installation space.
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The system uses the front connection, the front maintenance design, ａnd provides the RS232, the dry connection ａnd so on connection monitoring mode, easy to use ａnd maintain the management.
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DC power distribution: 6 DC load output, with battery power ａnd load power.
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Built in space: it can be placed in a set of 38AH/12V*4 batteries.
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Whole machine size: 700mm*550mm*300mm (H*W*D)
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Machine weight: 32kg (non rectifier, battery, CSU)
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Supply ZXDU68 H001 (90A) Zhongxing wall hanging communication power supply
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Wall mounted power supply, full capacity 90A
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LCD TV size, save space ａnd rental cost of machine room
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A structural platform, modular design, flexible selection, smooth expansion, maximum 90A
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Fifth generation power supply, the output efficiency is up to 96%
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Front connection, front maintenance, easy to install ａnd maintain
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The 1 sets of 38Ah lead-acid batteries can be built in, the battery compartment independent air duct is desi中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜gned ａnd the safety performance is upgraded.
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application area
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Communication base station中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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Microwave, transmission, WeiXing Railway Station
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Indoor coverage site
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Other indoor wall hanging applications requiring DC -48V
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近年来，各行各业逐步吹响了节能减排的战斗号角，在宏观政策的引导下，电力、钢铁等高能耗行业纷纷加强技术革新，节能减排工作取得了初步成效。而在电信运营行业，通信机房作为节能减排的ZD，对温度、湿度等要求更高，在企业节能减排工作中应该引起高度重视。
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通信机房节能减排的措施
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通信机房节能减排应从管理节能和技术节能两方面双管齐下，以管理节能为基础，逐步开展技术节能，积极稳妥地实施节能减排。
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管理节能
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管理节能主要应考虑两个方面。首先，在通信机房工程设计时，应给出较详细的负荷计算说明和节能技术措施说明。目前的通信机房设计大多是用概算指标估算，且在估算过程中再加大负荷，使硬件设备长期在低负荷、低效率下运行，大马拉小车现象严重。所以必须加强工程设计审核，严格把关；另外，必须把节能思想意识逐渐引入到各部门中，使通信机房在规划、布局、色彩、方位及材料等方面为节能创造条件。
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其次，必须加强制度建设，完善各种节能管理制度，做到赏罚分明，如：采用下送风方式的专用空调机房，在维护或施工人员检修或布放线缆后，应及时盖上静电地板；定期检查机房孔洞封堵情况，避免冷气泄漏；将机房照明灯统一更换成节能灯照明；机房空调的温度设置不能过低，一般在摄氏24至26度之间，采用舒适空调的一般性机房，在大气温度低于摄氏18度以下时，可以考虑停开空调，等等。
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技术节能
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技术节能就是通过采用各种新材料、新工艺或技术改造等措施来达到节能目的。
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通信设备用电：由于通信网络在用设备新旧交错，耗电量也参差不齐。通过更换效率低下的在网设备，合理调整用电负荷能够有效节能。
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（一）“电改光”实现节能减排：随着数字通信的高速发展，交换设备也随之大量增加，传统的用电缆连接交换设备的弊端日益突出：一是机房内数字配线架数量急剧增加，电缆密布，走线槽道不堪重负，机房空间严重不足；二是材料、能源消耗多，污染严重，且有些材料没有再利用价值，成为污染性工业垃圾；三是工程建设难度大、周期长，传输工程施工中同轴电缆的布放、焊接、测试消耗工日Z多，特别是走线槽道空间不足时布线非常困难；四是网络维护中连接件故障率高，2M电路的同轴电缆接头衰耗大，传输距离短，易出虚焊，易受静电干扰，经常发生连接件故障。为此，采用交换设备间光口直连技术，大量节约机房面积和原料（一对光纤可以替代原来的63个2M端口），且节能降耗，同时还能缩短工期（光口中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜直连操作简便，较电路直连工期可节省三分之一）及便于维护。
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（二）服务器产品节能：以往大家比较忽视的电源供应器，其实是耗电的元凶之一——若输出转换效率不够好，其会消耗更多电力。电源供应器的输出转换效率对于省电有多大帮助呢？目前已有多家厂商采用通过“80 Plus”认证的电源供应器，据测试，服务器采用了该电源供应器后，耗电量减少了27%。另外，适当降低电源供应器的瓦数也可节省电力。同时，服务器厂商采用的2.5寸硬盘的耗电量也仅为3.5寸硬盘的一半。
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（三）机柜节能：透过水冷机柜降低空调费用，水冷机柜如同冰箱后方的冷却导管，可将机柜排放的热能直接与冷却水交换，让服务器排放的热量直接被带走，降低空调费用。节能型机柜采用了Speed-Step技术进行频率和供电的管理；从交流供电转化为直流供电（GX的直流电源可将电能的转换效率从原来的80%以下提高到85%以上）。另外把服务器的风扇和部件更多地模块化，在系统不使用相关部件时尽量使其处于不工作状态，这样也能有效地降低无用功率损耗。采取上述措施后，在一个包含30台服务器的机柜中，能耗节省将超过18%。
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（四）整并让刀片服务器省电效益更显着：目前机架服务器风扇的省电效率仍不及刀片服务器，主要原因在于，刀片机箱内所有的刀片运算模块共享散热风扇、电源供应器与网络设备。机柜的通孔率高达83%，高通孔率再配以先进的风扇系统所提供的QL散热气流，充分满足了刀片式服务器高热密度的散热需求，减少了机房内的能源消耗，为其营造了“绿色空间”。
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（五）“程控交换机减容”实现节能减排：近年来，固话业务不断萎缩，造成大量用户机架闲置，而这些闲置的用户机盘照样消耗着不少电量，适时、有针对性地做好“程控交换机减容”工作，既可以节省通信机房用电量，又可以减少设备机架的热排放量，做到两全其美。值得注意的是，减容后的程控交换机用户机架及线缆要及时拆除，以免阻碍机房内气流畅通，影响空调制冷效果。
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机房环境用电：机房环境节能的ZD是空调节能。从技术的角度探讨，主要包括以下几个方面。
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（一）变频技术节能：这是一种应用广泛的电机节能技术。应用了变频技术的空调系统一方面降低了开关损耗，另一方面提高了低频运转时的能效。在空调多种节能技术的应用中，变频技术是比较有效和成熟的技术。目前，在通信机房空调系统中，变频节能技术主要有ZY空调水系统变频调速节能及机房专用空调压缩机变频两种方式。
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在ZY空调水系统变频调速节能方式中，采用交流变频技术控制水泵的运行是目前ZY空调系统节能改造的有效途经之一。当所需流量减少，水泵转速降低时，其电动机的所需功率按转速的三次方下降，如水泵转速下降到额定转速的60%，即f=30Hz时，其电动机的功率下降了78.4%，即节电率为78.4%。
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而在机房专用空调压缩机变频方式下，应用了变频技术的空调机一方面降低了开关损耗，另一方面提高了低频运转时的能效。不过由于变频技术的核心原理为高频脉宽调制技术，使用变频器就相当于增加了一个谐波源，而且空调设备的功率一般都比较大，因此对通信电源低压配电系统的谐波干扰，以及通信设备的
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电磁干扰
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不容忽视。中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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在采用ZY空调水系统变频调速节能方式时，应尽量将空调系统的低压配电与通信设备的低压配电分隔开。机房专用空调压缩机采用变频技术，则应注意与通信设备保持距离并做好电磁防护措施。
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（二）机房专用空调的自适应控制节能技术：通过自动计算机房不同的工况条件、空调冷量分布、风量扩张循环等综合数据，动态跟踪计算空调在外部不同季节的环境温度与室内目标温度的关系，以及空调当前的富余容量，精确控制“N+1”、“N+0”、“N-1” 等台空调数量的优先开关机顺序，使空调组群始终处于Z合理的工作状态，提高优化冷量的利用效果，达到空调效率化。该系统的安装和施工简单方便，不需对机房结构做任何变动，不影响原有空调系统结构，具有较好的安全性、可靠性，日常维护也相对简单方便。
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（三）冷水机组空调水处理：在冷水机组中，空调水系统水管的水垢、腐蚀及青苔对制冷系统影响极大，也是空调中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜能耗高的重要原因之一。定期对空调水系统进行水处理是降低消耗、提高空调系统工作效率的一种方法。此外，采用高频多段磁场对冷却水系统及冷冻水系统的水质进行处理，也是一种可行的方法。
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（四）利用自然冷源的节能技术——新风系统：其原理是利用机房室外的自然环境为冷源，当室外空气温度比室内低一定程度时，依靠通风将机房内的热量带走，实现室内散热，从而达到降低机房内部温度的目的，通过减少空调的使用时间达到节约电能的目的。新风系统主要有自然通风及热交换两种类型。
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当室外空气温度较低时，自然通风新风系统直接将室外低温空气送至室内，为室内降温。当室外温度高，不足以带走室内热量时，则仍然开启空调工作；热交换新风系统在室外新风冷源的利用上采用了隔绝换热的方式，只利用室外新风作为冷源带走热量，室外空气并不直接进入室内，而室内空气通过换热冷却后再被送回室内。
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新风系统工作原理简单，节能效果比较直接，但要注意两点：，自然通风新风系统直接引入室外的空气，使机房环境直接受外界影响，因此，如何保证机房的温度、湿度、洁净度，有待探讨；第二，新风系统的效率主要受室内外温差的影响，各地由于纬度、地势和地理条件不同，气候差异悬殊，因此节能效果也因地而异，需要通过实践来验证。
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（五）新型制冷剂节能技术：目前已有一些R4**制冷剂替代常用的R12、R22等制冷物质，这种环保节能型制冷剂在某些地方进行了试验性应用，取得了一定的效果，但也存在一些问题。根据目前掌握的资料和数据表明，使用R4**制冷剂的实际节能效果受各种因素影响，与理论计算有一定误差，需要进一步在不同环境和条件下进行实验测试，并在实际使用环境中跟踪，长时间测量有关数据，观察设备的运行情况。
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谐波治理：谐波对电网的危害众所周知。对谐波的治理，除了改善供电质量外，通过减少无功功率的消耗，也可以起到节能的效果。
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提高空调制冷效率的有效办法
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提高空调制冷效率的一个有效办法是实现“按需制冷”，将冷媒送到Z贴近热源的地方，也就是将制冷方式从房间级制冷转变为机柜级别制冷，到芯片级制冷，这也正是机房制冷的发展趋势。
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传统机房空调很少考虑机柜内部温度，仅能保证机房内温度符合要求，而实际上，由于刀片服务器的使用，机柜内很容易出现局部热点。对此，传统空调只能是靠进一步降低机房温度来解决，由此造成浪费也在所难免。针对这种状况，市场上出现了一种机柜级制冷的空调，它将制冷系统安装在机柜之间，把冷风送到各个机柜的正面，然后从机柜的后部抽取热风。由于冷风直接送到热源附近，不像传统的机房采用底部送风或天花板送风，因而可以保证机柜内不出现热点。据统计，与传统制冷系统相比，该制冷系统的电力消耗会节省50%以上。
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如果说从传统空调转变为“按需制冷”，还需投入一定资金对机房进行改造因而不具有普遍性的话，也有一些不需要很大投入的节能方法，却同样能达到很好的节能效果。比如，将机柜两两相对，也就是在送风的冷风道上将两排机柜面对面摆放，而回风的热风道上将两排机柜背靠背摆放。冷热风道的形式减少了冷热风会合的可能性，从而提高了冷风的利用率。另外，在系统的设计上尽可能采用下送风、上回风的送风方式，对机柜内部的气流组织更细化，加装阻风盲板和气流分配单元等，对空调进行统一控制和及时维护，防止有的空调在加湿，而有的空调在除湿的现象，这些都是非常有效的节能技巧。
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实际上，在制冷方面，国内和国外都有很多成功案例，不少通信机房了很多GX率的制冷方法，值得借鉴。在国外，借助自然界天然冷空气来为机房降温已经受到重视，据报道，位于美国罗德岛的布莱恩特大学也在借助冰雪天气来节约机房的电能消耗。其数据ZX配有一套封闭的以乙二醇为冷却剂的循环制冷系统，当天气很冷时，系统就会利用室外的冷空气给冷却剂降温，仅此一项就降低了20%–30%的电能消耗。
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通信机房节能注意要点
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首先，节能必须保证通信安全。节能不能影响机房环境质量、降低和导致设备寿命缩短。提倡通过合理调整设备工况实现节能目标，这种节能方式能起到延长设备寿命的作用。
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其次，节能的效果不是无限的。节能只是把一些原来富余的冷量、电量、水量、风量节约下来，而不应把正常生产该消耗的能量也节省掉。如果一个机房所配置的空调不足，全部设备开起来也不能满足要求，就根本谈不上空调的节能问题。
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第三，节能需要有一定的投入。节能技术的应用要增加或改造一定数量设备，也要增加设备维护工作量。应该对节能项目是否能做到既节约能源又降低运营成本进行跟踪测试，并在作出综合评估之后再决定是否需要启动节能项目。中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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第四，节能必须因地制宜，不能生搬硬套。例如，新风节能系统在我国北方和低温季节使用效果很好，但在南方和高温天气就会受到限制。应该先进行试点并详细测试，取得经验后再逐步推广。
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结语
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综上可见，通信机房的节能减排工作大有潜力可挖，只要我们树立“从我做起，从现在做起”的行动准则，切切实实行动起来，一定会取得满意的成效。
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文/湖北电信石首分公司朱少华 湖北省电信工程有限公司朱硕
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In recent years, all walks of life have begun to blow the battle cry for energy conservation ａnd emission reduction. Under the guidance of macro policies, power ａnd steel ａnd other energy intensive industries have intensified technological innovation, ａnd achieved initial results in energy conservation ａnd emission reduction. In telecom operation industry, the communication room is the focus of energy saving ａnd emission reduction, ａnd has higher requirements for temperature ａnd humidity. It should be highly valued in the work of energy saving ａnd emission reduction in enterprises.
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Measures for energy saving ａnd emission reduction in communication machine room
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Communication room energy saving ａnd emission reduction should be managed from two aspects of management, energy saving ａnd technology ａnd energy saving. Based on management energy saving, we should gradually carry out technical energy saving ａnd actively ａnd steadily implement energy saving ａnd emission reduction.
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Management of energy saving
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Two aspects should be taken into account in the management of energy conservation. First of all, the detailed description of load calculation ａnd energy saving technical measures should be given in the engineering design of the communication machine room. Most of the current communication room design is estimated by budgetary indicators, ａnd the load is increased during the estimation process, which makes the hardware devices run at low load ａnd low efficiency for a long time. The phenomenon of Malaya car is serious. Therefore, we must strengthen the engineering design audit ａnd strictly control. In addition, we must gradually introduce energy saving ideology into all sectors, so as to create conditions for the communication room to save energy in terms of planning, layout, color, location ａnd materials.
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Secondly, we must strengthen the system construction, improve energy management system, reward, such as: special air conditioning room air supply by the construction personnel in the maintenance or repair or cable laying, should be promptly covered with static floor; regularly check room hole plugging condition, avoid air leakage; the room lamp unified replacement into energy-saving lamp lighting; room air conditioning temperature settings can not be too low, generally between 24 to 26 degrees Celsius, the general air conditioning room comfortable, in the atmospheric temperature below 18 degrees Celsius below, you can consider to stop air conditioning, etc..
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Technology energy saving
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Technology saving energy is to achieve the purpose of saving energy by adopting various new materials, new technology or technological transformation.
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Communication equipment electricity: because the communication network is interlaced with new ａnd old equipment, the power consumption is also uneven. Through the replacement of low efficiency in the network equipment, the reasonable adjustment of the electric load can effectively save energy.
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(a) "the power to change the light to realize energy saving ａnd emission reduction: with the rapid development of digital communication, equipment will be a substantial increase in exchange for traditional cable connection exchange equipment has become increasingly prominent drawbacks: one is the room within the digital distribution frame a sharp increase in the number of cables, clouds, wire channel overwhelmed, room space shortage; two is the material ａnd energy consumption, serious pollution, ａnd some materials no longer use value, become the pollution of industrial waste; three is the construction difficult, long cycle, transmission construction of coaxial cable laying, welding, testing work consumes most, especially the wiring very difficult go line lack of channel space; four is the maintenance of network connections ａnd high fault rate, coaxial cable connector attenuation 2M circuit, short transmission distance, easy to weld, susceptible to electrostatic interference, often even Fault of connection. To this end, the exchange between the equipment of light direct technology, large room area ａnd save the raw materials (a pair of fiber can replace 63 2M ports of the original), ａnd energy saving, but also can shorten the construction period (direct port operation, a direct circuit can save 1/3 time) ａnd convenient maintenance.
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(two) server product energy saving: the power supply that we used to neglect before is actually one of the main contributors of power consumption. If the output conversion efficiency is not good enough, it will consume more power. How does the output conversion efficiency of the power supply help to save electricity? At present, many vendors have adopted the "80 Plus" certification power supply. According to the test, the power consumption is reduced by 27% after the power supply is used by the server. In addition, a proper reduction in the wattage of the power supply can also save electricity. At the same time, the 2.5 inch hard disk used by the server manufacturer is only half the power consumption of the 3.5 inch hard disk.
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(three) cabinet energy saving: reduce the cost of air conditioning through the water-cooled cabinet. The water cooling cabinet is like the cooling catheter behind the fridge. It can exchange the heat discharged from the cabinet directly with the cooling water, so that the heat discharged from the server can be directly taken away, ａnd the air conditioning cost will be reduced. The energy saving cabinet adopts Speed-Step technology to manage frequency ａnd power supply. From AC power supply to DC power supply (efficient DC power supply, the conversion efficiency of electric energy can be increased from less than 80% to 85%). In addition, the fan ａnd components of the server are modularized. If the system does not use related components, it will keep it in a state of no operation, which can also effectively reduce the useless power loss. After taking the above measures, the energy saving will be more than 18% in a cabinet with 30 servers.
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(four) let the blade server save electricity more effectively. The power saving efficiency of rack server fan is still less than that of blade server. The main reason is that all blade operation modules in blade box share fan, power supply ａnd network device. The through-hole rate of the cabinet is as high as 83%, ａnd the high pass porosity is matched with the strong cooling air flow provided by the advanced fan system, which fully meets the heat dissipation demand of the blade server＇s high heat density, reduces the energy consumpt中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜ion in the computer room, ａnd creates a "green space" for it.
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(five) "reducing the volume of SPC exchanges" to achieve energy saving ａnd emission reduction: in recent years, the fixed line business has been shrinking, resulting in a large number of user rack idle, ａnd these idle user disk still consume a lot of electricity, timely ａnd targeted to do well in SPC exchanges.
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众所周知，电信事业在Z近十年间正蓬勃迅猛地发展，到2012年底，移动用户数将突破60亿，宽带用户数将突破6亿。目前国内移动用户数已突破10亿，宽带用户数已接近2亿。数字化时代已经将人们的生活与电信网络紧密联系在一起，成为不可或缺的一部分。而人们对于网络质量的诉求也越来越高，稳定可靠的网络成为了当前电信行业竞争的一个主要方面。
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可靠的供电解决方案是保障网络稳定运行的关键因素
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由于大多数电信设备都需要-48V的直流电源，将交流电网的电能转换为稳定可靠的直流电能的直流电源系统就成为了保障网络正常运行的一个关键因素。因为一旦直流电源系统发生故障，将会影响电信设备的正常工作，甚至有导致通信网络瘫痪的风险。
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ZX机房作为电信网络中的数据交换枢纽，承载着区域、地市、甚至省份之间的语音、数据等业务的中转、交换和费用结算等工作，服务于数以百万计的用户，是整个电信网络中的核心，具有极其重要的地位。因此，给ZX机房电信设备供电的大功率电源具有不可忽视的作用。
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作为业界的信息与通信解决方案供应商，华为以其对电信网络的深刻理解及的研发力量，推出了为ZX机房定制的分立式大功率电源解决方案——TP483000D。在产品设计阶段，由于深刻理解ZX机房的重要性，所以华为始终把电源产品的可靠性放在位，并且从一开始，我们就着眼于提供从模块到系统，再到整个组网的电信级可靠性解决方案。
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先进的技术打造GX可靠的整流模块，从根本处保障稳定供电
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对于直流电源系统来说，Z核心的部件是整流模块，这也是决定整个电源系统性能的主要部件。华为专业的开发团队，通过PFC及LLC的技术，率先实现了大功率整流模块内的滤波电容低频化及模块器件分散化设计，有效降低了电容的工作频率，并且增加了模块内部器件的散热面积，从而实现在器件级别提升模块的可靠性。这样的设计，将模块的平均无故障工作时间提升至54万小时，居于业界水平。另外，通过交错并联的PFC技术，整流模块的三次谐波被大大降低，使得THD能够有效控制在3%以内，在保证模块可靠供电的同时，也减少了对电网的污染。与此同时，这一系列技术在提升可靠性的同时，实现了超低损耗电能转换，使模块的整流效率达到了接近于97%的水平，不仅使模块实现高可靠，同时也实现了GX率。对于一个中等规模的ZX机房来说，每年可以节省用电量10万千瓦时以上，真正实现了绿色环保的高可靠性能。在电路控制上，华为自研的模块DSP主控芯片采用了先进的逻辑算法，使华为大功率整流模块率先实现了无零线输入及缺相工作。目前，业界传统的整流模块都需要通过引入零线来实现电压平衡，零线缺失很可能会导致模块烧毁或非正常报警，而华为通过先进的芯片级电路控制，以虚拟零线的方式实现了无零线输入；同时，DSP通过智能电相调节，使在某一火线缺失时，模块仍然可以保持50%的功率输出，从而保证了在发生极端情况时，尽可能的减少甚至消除对后端负载的影响，保证ZX机房的设备能安全稳定的运行。
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出色的配电监控、完善的预警系统及智能的
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电池
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管理，保障ZX机房网络设备安全稳定运行
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除了在模块上有着先进的技术来保障可靠性，在整个电源系统结构设计上，华为同样也保持着可靠性优先的理念。
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我们都知道，ZX机房里的设备至关重要，关系着整个电信网络的正常运行。我们不但要保证供电设备能提供稳定可靠的电能，同时从一开始就预防各类事故的发生，包括在极端情况下，电信设备能够被充分的保护。例如，针对负载过流故障，华为的分立式电源系统给重要负载支路都配备分流器，能对重要负载进行分别监控，及时了解每路负载的电流大小，并给这些重要负载支路设立一个预警点，当电流达到预警设置点时，系统能及时发出告警。通过本地声光报警系统通知到运维人员，这样运维人员就能及时了解异常情况并且迅速将故障解除。如果没有运维人员在现场巡检，电源系统还设计了多重监控报警输出方式，可通过华为先进的NetEco网管系统或现网动力环境监控系统，将报警信息能够及时传递到监控ZX相关运维人员，使得故障能够及时被解决。同时，华为的NetEco网管系统远程告警功能，可通过无线信号，将报警信息通过、电话等方式通知运维人员，报警信息能毫无遗漏的传递到位。
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对于直流供电系统来说，为了确保万一，都会配备直流电池以应对市电中断的紧急情况。而目前大容量的蓄电池通常选用铅酸电池，铅酸电池具有生命周期短，电池管理难度高等特点，如果对于电池充放电管理不当，很有可能会造成在停电的时候电池无法发挥紧急备电的作用。华为的配电监控系统具有先进的电池管理能力，能够对电池的充放电进行有效管理，通过定期对需电池进行放电测试以及部分放电续充，以保持电池内电解液的活性，延长电池使用寿命，并且确保电池能有效工作。同时，配电监控系统的电池检测功能，可以主动检测电池的电压，实时监控并对异常情况作出预警。
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As we all know, telecom industry is developing vigorously in recent ten years. By the end of 2012, the number of mobile users will exceed 6 billion, ａnd the number of broadband users will exceed 600 million. At present, the number of mobile users in China has exceeded 1 billion, ａnd the number of broadband users is close to 200 million. The digital age has closely linked the people＇s life with the telecommunications network, becoming an indispensable part. The demand for the network quality is becoming higher ａnd higher, ａnd the stable ａnd reliable network has become a major aspect of the current competition in the telecommunication industry.
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A reliable power supply solution is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the network
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中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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Because most telecom equipments need DC power supply of -48V, converting the electric energy of AC power network to a DC power system with stable ａnd reliable DC power becomes a key factor to ensure the normal operation of the network. Because once the DC power system fails, it will affect the normal work of the telecommunication equipment ａnd even the risk of the paralysis of the communication network.
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As the center of the telecommunication network data exchange hub, carrying the regional, city ａnd even the province between the voice ａnd data business transfer, exchange ａnd settlement fees etc., serving millions of users, is the core of the telecom network, it has an extremely important position. Therefore, the power supply to the telecommunications equipment in the central machine room has an important role to be ignored.
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As a leading supplier of information ａnd communication solutions, HUAWEI has launched a TP483000D solution for the central computer room, which is a separate high-power power solution, thanks to its deep understanding of telecom network ａnd world-class research ａnd development capabilities. In the stage of product design, due to the importance of understanding the center room, so HUAWEI has always been the reliability of power supply products in the first place, ａnd from the beginning, we will focus on providing from the module to the system, ａnd then to the reliability of the whole network Telecom solutions.
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Advanced patent technology creates efficient ａnd reliable rectifier module to ensure stable power supply from the root
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For the DC power supply system, the most important component is the rectifier module, which is the main component to determine the performance of the whole power system. HUAWEI professional development team, through the PFC ａnd LLC＇s patented technology, to realize the low frequency filter capacitor ａnd decentralized power rectifier module device design module, effectively reduce the work frequency of the capacitor, ａnd increasing the cooling area inside the module device, so as to realize the reliability module in device level. In this design, the average failure time of the module is raised to 540 thousand hours, ａnd it is in the leading level in the industry. In addition, by interlacing PFC patent technology, the three harmonics of the rectifier module is greatly reduced, enabling THD to be effectively controlled within 3%. While ensuring reliable power supply, it also reduces the pollution to the power grid. At the same time, a series of patent technologies have improved the reliability ａnd achieved ultra-low loss power conversion. The rectification efficiency of the module has reached to 97% level, which not only makes the module achieve high reliability, but also achieves high efficiency. For a medium sized central machine room, it can save more than 100 thousand kilowatt hours of electricity per year, ａnd truly realize the high reliability of green environmental protection. In circuit control, HUAWEI＇s self developed module DSP main chip adopts advanced logic algorithm, which enables HUAWEI high power rectifier module to achieve zero line input ａnd lack of phase. At present, the industry of the traditional rectifier module need to introduce the zero line to achieve zero voltage balance, line loss is likely to lead to burn or abnormal alarm module, ａnd HUAWEI through the chip level control circuit is advanced, with the realization of the virtual zero line zero line input; at the same time, DSP is regulated by the intelligent electric. In a line deletion, module can still maintain a power output of 50%, which occurred in the extreme case, as far as possible to reduce or even eliminate the impact of back end load, guarantee center can safe ａnd stable operation of equipment.
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Excellent distribution monitoring, perfect early warning system ａnd intelligent battery management to ensure the safe ａnd stable operation of network equipment in the center of the machine room
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Besides having advanced technology to support reliability in modules, HUAWEI also maintains the concept of re中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜liability first in the whole power system structure design.
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As we all know, the equipment in the central machine room is very important, which is related to the normal operation of the whole telecommunication network. We should not only ensure that the power supply equipment can provide stable ａnd reliable power, but also prevent all kinds of accidents from the beginning, including in extreme cases, the telecommunication equipment can be fully protected. For example, according to the load current fault, discrete power system of HUAWEI to the important load branch are equipped with shunt, were carried out to monitor the important load, timely understanding of the current of each channel load, ａnd to the important load branch to set up a warning, warning when the current reached the set point, the system can be issued in a timely manner alarm. The local acousto-optic alarm system is notified to the operation ａnd maintenance personnel so that the operators will be able to understand the abnormal situation in time ａnd quickly remove the fault. If there is no operation ａnd maintenance personnel in the on-site inspection, the power system is also designed for multiple monitoring alarm output, through the NetEco network management system of HUAWEI advanced or network dynamic environment monitoring system, alarm information can be transmitted to the monitoring center of relevant maintenance personnel, the fault can be resolved in a timely manner. At the same time, HUAWEI NetEco network management system remote alarm function, through the wireless signal, the alarm information through SMS.
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近日，2018世界移动大会在西班牙巴塞罗那正式开幕。中兴通讯聚焦5G商用，携手运营商、行业伙伴展示5G商用之路上成果与亮点，引领5G商用浪潮，加速通往5G成功之路。
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2017年底，5G NSA标准个版本正式冻结。按照3GPP 5G标准发展进程，2018年6月份3GPP个完整5G标准版本R15将正式发布，届时5G商用将正式启动。作为5G先锋，中兴通讯在产品研发、商用验证方面全面投入，已与20多家知名高端运营商开展5G合作和测试，推进5G商用进程。在本次世界移动大会上，中兴通讯不仅联合ZG移动、Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.进行基于3GPP 5G NR标准的端到端IoDT测试演示，同时展示Sub-6GHz 5G外场试验局的测试成果。
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基于3GPP 5G NR标准的端到端IoDT测试
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2017年2月，中兴通讯、ZG移动、Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.共同宣布进行业界基于3GPP标准5G新空口（5G NR）规范的端到端互操作性测试。11月，三方在ZG移动5G联合创新ZX实验室中实现了基于3GPP R15标准的端到端5G新空口系统互通，系统互通采用了中兴通讯的Sub-6GHz 5G新空口预商用基站，与Qualcomm的5G新空口终端原型机，实现1.4Gbps的单用户峰值速率， 0.04ms的时延。端到端5G新空口系统的成功互通，是5G新空口技术向大规模预商用迈进的重要行业里程碑，推动了符合3GPP标准的5G网络和终端产业快速发展。2018年，三方还将在外场环境中继续验证。
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值得一提的是，2017年12月，中兴通讯、Wind Tre和Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 也联合宣布将合作开展基于3GPP 5G NR标准的互操作性测试和 OTA外场试验。
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Sub-6GHz 5G外场试验局
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2017年，中兴通讯携手ZG移动在广州建立5G外场试验局，提供了全系列的5G核心网、基站、测试UE的整体解决方案。广州5G外场实验局是首3.5GHz 5G外场试验局，于2017年6月开通首5G低频预商用站点，在准商用测试环境下，单UE峰值速率超过2Gbps。11月，中兴通讯联合ZG移动完成该试验局的多基站连续覆盖外场测试，多个5G站点形成连续5G NR覆盖区域。
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全系列端到端5G商用产品
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目前，中兴通讯已经推出面向5G商用的系列化产品，包括覆盖高低频段5G系列化接入设备、多样化5G承载方案、灵活GX的5G核心网等，为有志于在2019年规模商用部署5G的运营商做好了充分准备。在5G无线接入侧，中兴通讯推出新一代5G全系列基站产品，包括新一代5G高低频AAU、业界容量NG BBU、业界4G/5G双模RRU，引领无线基站在技术创新走向新高度。在5G承载侧，中兴通讯率先推出5G Flexhaul方案及系列产品，覆盖了1U高度同时可以支持10GE、25GE以及100GE接口的设备，业界T级别5G承载旗舰平台等。在核心网侧，中兴通讯推出基于服务化架构的2/3/4/5G全融合云核心网产品Common Core，在全方位实现3GPP R15服务化架构的同时，在网络功能（NF）和服务（Service）层面实现了多种接入方式的融合，助力运营商向5G平滑演进。
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合作构筑5G实力
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2017年，中兴通讯在5G商用领域持续发力，高歌猛进，已与20多家高端运营商开展5G合作和中兴ZXDU48 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜测试。
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在国内，中兴通讯积极参与国家三阶段5G测试，同时联合ZG三大运营商，积极开展5G实验：携手ZG移动在广州建立5G外场试验局，对5G连续组网进行了验证；与ZG联通在深圳5G NR新空口外场测试站点完成相关业务验证；联合ZG电信在雄安、苏州首批开展5G预商用测试。
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中兴通讯与意大利大移动运营商Wind Tre、意大利有线运营商Open Fiber合作建设欧洲张5G预商用网络；联合Telefónica集团完成了5G网络架构和承载测试，双方还将在2018继续对5G端到端方案进行验证。
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截至目前，中兴通讯已与20多家运营商展开5G合作和测试，包括ZG移动、ZG联通、ZG电信、Telefónica、T-Mobile、意大利Wind Tre、比利时Telenet、VEON、马来西亚U-Mobile，韩国KT等。今后，中兴通讯将继续与合作伙伴一道稳步推进5G测试和试验，加速5G商用，共同为5G的多彩体验而努力。
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Recently, the 2018 World Mobile conference was officially opened in Barcelona, Spain. ZTE focuses on 5G business leading, together with operators ａnd industry partners to show the latest achievements ａnd highlights of 5G business, leading 5G business wave to accelerate the way to 5G.
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At the end of 2017, the first version of the 5G NSA standard was officially frozen. In accordance with the 3GPP 5G standard development process, the first complete 5G Standard Version of R15 will be officially released in June 2018, ａnd the 5G business will be officially launched at that time. As a pioneer of 5G, ZTE has invested fully in product R & D ａnd commercial verification. It has launched 5G cooperation ａnd testing with more than 20 well-known high-end operators worldwide, promoting 5G business process. At this mobile world conference, ZTE not only combined with China Mobile, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. for the world＇s first end-to-end IoDT test demonstration based on the latest 3GPP 5G NR standard, but also showed the first test results of the first Sub-6GHz 5G field test Bureau in the world.
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The world＇s first end to end IoDT test based on the 3GPP 5G NR standard
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In February 2017, ZTE, China Mobile, Qualcomm, Technologies, Inc. jointly announced by the industry＇s first 3GPP standard based on 5G (5G NR) new air interface standard end-to-end interoperability test. In November, three in the China Mobile joint innovation center in the world＇s first 5G laboratory based on end to end 5G new 3GPP R15 standard air interface system interoperability, system interoperability using ZTE Sub-6GHz 5G new air pre commercial station, ａnd the new 5G air interface terminal prototype Qualcomm, single user peak rate of 1.4Gbps, 0.04ms time delay. End to end 5G successful interoperability new air interface system, is an important industry milepost 5G new air interface technology towards large-scale pre commercial, promote conforms to 3GPP standard 5G network ａnd terminal industry rapid development. In 2018, the three parties will continue to verify in the outfield environment.
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It is worth mentioning that in December 2017, ZTE, Wind Tre ａnd Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. also announced that they would cooperate to carry out interoperability test ａnd OTA field test based on 3GPP 5G NR standard.
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The world＇s first Sub-6GHz 5G field test Bureau
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In 2017, ZTE joined China Mobile in Guangzhou to establish 5G outfield test Bureau, providing a full range of 5G core network, base station ａnd UE solution. Guangzhou 5G outfield Experimental Bureau is the first 3.5GHz 5G field test Bureau in the world. In June 2017, the world＇s first 5G low-frequency pre commercial site was launched. Under quasi commercial test environment, the single UE peak rate exceeds 2Gbps. In November, ZTE combined with China Mobile to complete the test Bureau＇s multi base station continuous coverage test, ａnd multiple 5G sites formed a continuous 5G NR coverage area.
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中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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Full range end to end 5G commercial products
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At present, ZTE has launched 5G series of products including commercial, covering the low ａnd high frequency 5G series access equipment, diversification of 5G bearing scheme, flexible ａnd efficient 5G core network, for those who want to do a good job in 2019 large-scale commercial deployment of 5G operators fully prepared. In the 5G wireless access side, ZTE has launched the new generation of 5G full base station products, including the new generation of 5G high ａnd low frequency AAU, the largest capacity NG BBU, the industry＇s first 4G/5G dual mode RRU, leading the wireless base station to a new height in technological innovation. On the 5G bearer side, ZTE first launched 5G Flexhaul solutions ａnd products, covering the world＇s first 1U height, supporting 10GE, 25GE ａnd 100GE interface devices. The first T level 5G carries the flagship platform. In the core network side, ZTE launched a service architecture based on 2/3/4/5G fusion of cloud core network products Common Core, in the full range of 3GPP R15 service architecture ａnd functions in the network (NF) ａnd services (Service) to achieve the level of integration of a variety of access methods, evolution helps operators to 5G smoothing.
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Global cooperation to build the strength of 5G
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In 2017, ZTE continued to force, in the 5G business has been carried out in cooperation with 5G stride forward singing militant songs, more than 20 of the world＇s high-end operators ａnd test.
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In China, ZTE actively participate in the three stage of the national 5G test, combined with Chinese three operators, ａnd actively carry out 5G experiments: to join China Mobile to establish 5G field test station in Guangzhou, on the 5G network continuous was verified; ａnd China Unicom in Shenzhen＇s first 5G NR new air field test site to complete the relevant business joint verification; 5G China Telecom to carry out pre commercial testing in xiongan, the first batch of Suzhou.中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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ZTE ａnd Italy＇s largest mobile operator Wind Tre, Italy＇s leading construction cable operators Open Fiber cooperation in Europe first 5G pre commercial network; combined with Telef Nica group completed the 5G network architecture ａnd load test, the two sides will also continue in 2018 of the end-to-end 5G scheme is verified.
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As of now, ZTE has launched 5G cooperation ａnd the global test ａnd more than 20 operators, including China Mobile, China Unicom, China China Telecom, Telef, Nica, T-Mobile, Tre, Telenet, Wind Italy, Belgium VEON, Malaysia U-Mobile, Korea KT. In the future, ZTE will continue to work with partners to steadily push forward 5G tests ａnd tests to speed up the global 5G business ａnd work together for the colorful experience of 5G.
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C114讯 3月13日消息（张海龙）3月2日，工信部、科技部、环保部、交通部、商务部、质检总局、国家能源局等七部局联合发布了《关于组织开展新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点工作的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。
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《通知》要求，到2020年，建立完善的动力蓄电池回收利用体系，形成一批先进示范项目、一批标杆企业、一批关键技术、一批技术标准。《通知》的主要内容是落实生产者责任延伸制度，构建回收利用体系；探索多样化商业模式，推动梯次利用的规模化和智能化；推动先进技术的创新与应用，建立完善的政策激励机制。
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尤其值得一提的是，ZG铁塔成为了试点企业。《通知》称，“支持ZG铁塔公司等企业结合各地区试点工作，充分发挥企业自身优势，开展动力蓄电池梯次利用示范工程建设”。
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去年以来，ZG铁塔积极履行社会责任，探索电动车退役动力电池的回收利用，助力生态文明社会建设。目前，ZG铁塔能源创新ZX已完成《新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点实施方案》的编制和上报，正在全力开展动力电池梯次利用的研究和落地实施工作。
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电动车动力电池回收迫在眉睫
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2013年起，我国新能源汽车快速发展，截至2017年，ZG新能源汽车保有量已经达到160余万辆。按照新能源车电池5~8年的使用年限计算，目前已经有部分新能源车面临电池回收的问题。
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ZG汽车技术研究ZX数据显示，2020年，仅国内纯电动商用车和乘用退役电池容量将分别达1737万KWh和684万KWh，合计将有2421万KWh转入梯次利用市场。2020年后，这一数值将攀升至7786万KWh。
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有统计显示，2016年国内进入拆解程序的新能源车电池不足1万吨，超过八成的回收电池滞留在车企，既潜藏环境污染和安全风险，也不利于资源的梯次利用。
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ZG铁塔早已开展电动汽车电池回收工作
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事实上，在国家尚未发布《通知》前，ZG铁塔已经就电动车动力电池回收利用开展行动。
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自2015年10月起，ZG铁塔已在福建、广东、河南、黑龙江、山东、上海、四川、浙江、天津9个省份，共计建设了57个电池回收试验站点，涵盖各类型应用工况。
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而在去年11月份，ZG铁塔在线商务平台发布一则消息称，将面向社会全面拓展长期、稳定的战略合作伙伴渠道，并大量采购电动汽车退役动力电池及B品动力电池。
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今年1月4日，ZGZG铁塔在北京与重庆长安、比亚迪、银隆新能源、沃特玛、国轩高科、桑顿新能源等16家企业，举行了新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用战略合作伙伴协议签约仪式。
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或将成未来动力电池回收利用大户
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数据显示，ZG铁塔目前在全国范围内拥有近200万个铁塔，备电需要电池约4400万kWh;60万座削峰填谷站需要电池约4400万kWh;50万座新能源站需要电池约4800万kWh。合计需要电池约13600万kWh。
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此外，以存量站电池6年的更换周期计算，每年需要电池约2260万kWh;以每年新建基站10万个计算，预计新增电站需要电池约240万kWh。合计每年共需要电池约2500万kWh。
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这一需求量无疑让ZG铁塔成为了电池回收利用大户，但收购价格将成为摆在ZG铁塔和电动车企业之间的巨大难题。目前因为价格、使用寿命等因素影响，大多数铁塔仍旧以铅酸电池为主。这也意味着，ZG铁塔给出的动力电池回收价格会十分低廉。不过，随着ZG铁塔与16家车企签约，也许ZG铁塔与车企已经就价格、回收方式等达成一致。尤其是，《通知》的下发将让ZG铁塔在动力电池回收走上快车道。
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C114 news March 13th news (Zhang Hailong) in March 2nd seven, the Ministry of science ａnd technology, Ministry of environmental protection, Ministry of communications, Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of quality inspection, the national energy bureau bureau jointly issued "on the organization to carry out the new energy automotive battery recycling pilot work notice" (hereinafter referred to as the "notice").
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The notice requires that by 2020, a perfect power battery recycling system will be established to form a batch of advanced demonstration projects, a batch of benchmarking enterprises, a batch of key technologies ａnd a set of technical standards. Main content of the "notice" is the implementation of extended producer responsibility system, construction of recycling system; explore the diversified business model, promoting the scale ａnd intelligent echelon use; innovation ａnd promote the application of advanced technology, establish ａnd improve the incentive mechanism of policy.
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It is particularly worth mentioning that the Chinese iron tower has become a pilot enterprise. "Notice", "Chinese tower company with the support of pilot work in various regions, ａnd give full play to their own advantages, to carry out the battery echelon use demonstration projects".
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Since last year, China Tower has actively fulfilled its social responsibility ａnd explored the recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles, ａnd helped the construction of ecological civilization. At present, China Innovation Center tower has completed the compilation of "energy plan" car battery recycling pilot new energy ａnd reporting, research is to carry out battery echelon use ａnd implementation work.
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The recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles is imminent
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中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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Since 2013, China＇s new energy vehicles have developed rapidly. As of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in China has reached more than 160 million vehicles. According to the service life of the new energy vehicle battery for 5~8 years, some new energy vehicles are now facing the problem of battery recycling.
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Chinese Automotive Technology Research Center data show that in 2020, only domestic pure electric commercial vehicles ａnd passenger retired battery capacity will reach 17 million 370 thousand KWh ａnd 6 million 840 thousand KWh respectively, the total will be 24 million 210 thousand KWh into the echelon use market. After 2020, this value will rise to 77 million 860 thousand KWh.
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Statistics show that in 2016 China entered the dismantling process of new energy vehicles battery less than 10 thousand tons, more than 80% stranded in the car battery recycling enterprises, as well as potential environmental pollution ａnd safety risk, is not conducive to resource utilization echelon.
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China＇s iron tower has already carried out battery recycling for electric vehicles
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In fact, before the state has issued the "notice", the Chinese tower has already carried out action on the recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles.
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Since October 2015, China＇s tower has built 57 battery recovery test sites in 9 provinces including Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan, Zhejiang ａnd Tianjin, covering all kinds of application conditions.
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In November of last year, China＇s Tower online business platform released a news report that it will expand the long-term ａnd stable strategic partners channels for the society, ａnd purchase a lot of electric vehicle decommissioning power battery ａnd B power battery.
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In January 4th this year, China Chinese tower in Beijing ａnd Chongqing, Changan BYD, silver long new energy, optimum, China Xuan tech Thornton, new energy ａnd other 16 enterprises, held a new energy vehicle battery recycling strategic partnership agreement signing ceremony.
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Or will be a big battery for future power batteries
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Data show that the Chinese tower now has nearly 2 million towers nationwide, ａnd the battery needs about 44 million kWh. The 600 thousand peak shaving ａnd filling stations need about 44 million kWh of batteries, ａnd 500 thousand new energy stations need 48 million kWh of batteries. The total number of batteries is about 136 million kWh.
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In addition, with the replacement period of 6 years of storage battery, the battery needs about 22 million 600 thousand kWh a year, ａnd 100 thousand new base stations are built every year. It is estimated that the new power plant needs batteries of about 2 million 400 thousand kWh. The total battery needs about 25 million kWh per year.
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This demand will undoubtedly make China＇s tower a big battery recycling user, but the purchase price will become a huge problem between Chinese tower ａnd electric vehicle enterprises. Most of the towers are still dominated by lead-acid batteries because of the impact of price, life ａnd other factors. It also means that the price of the battery recycling in China＇s tower will be very low. However, as the Chinese iron tower ａnd 16 car companies signed, perhaps the Chinese tower ａnd car enterprises have reached agreement on the price, the way of recycling ａnd so on. In particular, the announcement of the "notice" will allow the Chinese iron tower to take the fast lane on the battery recycling.
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《电信业务经营许可管理办法》（工业和信息化部令第42号）建立电信业务经营不良名单和失信名单，实行信用管理，使多年来行业管理观念、思路和手段为之大变。办法对信用管理理念的阐释和具体制度设计，具有认知恰当、标准明确、操作简便等特点，将信用管理的制度功能发挥得淋漓尽致，别具一格。不良名单和失信名单，适用于电信和互联网企业，将对行业产生深远影响。
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一、运作原理中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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信用管理的运作原理，可以概括为“今天为昨天的行为负责，明天为今天的行为负责”。比如，电信业务经营者超范围经营电信业务情节严重的，将被给予责令停业整顿的处罚。停业整顿，是法律对电信业务经营者超范围经营电信业务违法行为给予的否定性评价，是电信业务经营者对自己违法行为所要承担的不利后果。
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依据《电信业务经营许可管理办法》第四十六条，前述企业还要被列入电信业务经营失信名单。依据第五条和第六条规定，企业被列入失信名单的，将不可以申请办理或者续办电信业务经营许可证。因此，若前述企业过去被列入失信名单，现在不可以申请取得电信业务经营许可证，即“今天为昨天的行为负责”；若现在被列入失信名单，将来在法定期限内也不可以申请取得电信业务经营许可证，即“明天为今天的行为负责”。
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“今天为昨天的行为负责，明天为今天的行为负责”，实质是拉长了对行为否定性评价的时间跨度。前述企业被停业整顿，已经是对其违法行为进行了惩处，即自己对自己的行为负责。现代市场经济的运行基础，是意思自治和自己对自己的行为负责。意思自治，指市场主体对自己的利益和行为自主做出决定或者处分；自己对自己的行为负责，是意思自治的延伸，指市场主体对前述利益处分行为和自主决定的行为承担法律上的后果，包括利益和不利益。
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从行政管理角度，对某个违法行为在考量情节轻重、违法后果等因素基础上给予相应的行政处罚，即是让行为人对自己的行为负责。但是，信用管理是让行为人在已经对自己行为承担责任的基础上，对其行为持续负责。从时间轴角度看，行政处罚或者民事责任，是对违法行为在一个时间点上给予否定性评价，而信用管理则是对违法行为在一个时间段上给予否定性评价。
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信用管理通过拉长对违法行为进行否定性评价的时间跨度，对行为人一段时间内从事相关活动的能力和资格进行限制，加重了行为人责任，可以督促行为人意识到违法后果不是一时之痛，而是长久之痛，谨慎行为，积极守法。
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二、运作机制
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（一）总体考量
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市场经济是法治经济，法治尊重和保障行为人的主体性，从制度上保障当事人的意思自治。同时，民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任的设定，要考虑主观过错、情节轻重、因果关系、社会影响等因素，让行为人对自己的行为负责，属于有限责任，而非无限责任，目的是保障行为人的自主性。
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信用管理在常规法律责任之外，对行为人的活动能力、范围和资格进行限制，与法治的基本价值设定之间存在一定的不同。由于信用管理在正常的法律责任之外，限制了行为人从事有关活动的能力和资格，虽然可以督促行为人守法经营，但若不加节制地运用，将不利于市场主体积极参与市场活动，有碍市场活力的迸发。
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《电信业务经营许可管理办法》统筹运用行政处罚与信用管理，在不良名单与失信名单的列入上，基本以行政处罚作为标准，将信用管理与行政处罚二者进行了有效衔接。《电信业务经营许可管理办法》严格限制列入失信名单的情形，即限于严重违法且受到停业整顿、吊销许可证较重处罚的情形，实际上是将行政处罚作为常规性管理手段，将信用管理定位为非常规性管理手段。总体上，《电信业务经营许可管理办法》尊重市场规律，谨中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜慎使用信用管理手段，悬而慎用，更多发挥信用管理机制的威慑作用，做到宽严相济。
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（二）具体机制
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《电信业务经营许可管理办法》第三十七条对不良名单和失信名单作了原则性规定，要求电信管理机构根据随机抽查、日常监督检查及行政处罚记录等情况建立“两单”，并定期更新和向社会公示。不良名单本身不具有限制列入主体活动能力或者资格的效力，更多体现“声誉罚”的特性，即对列入名单的主体粘贴“不良”标签，向社会公众公示。失信名单具有限制列入主体活动能力或者资格的效力，一般被形象地称为“黑名单”；不良名单作为失信名单的过渡，可以被形象称为“灰名单”；既未列入“黑名单”也未列入“灰名单”的，可以形象地称为“白名单”中的企业。
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1.不良名单的列入和移出
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依据《电信业务经营许可管理办法》第三十八条和第四十二条，电信业务经营者未按期上报年报信息或者受到电信管理行政处罚的，由电信管理机构列入不良名单。不良名单的列入标准有两个：未按期上报年报信息和受到电信管理机构处罚。不良名单的适用对象是电信业务经营者。
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依据第三十八条，因未按期上报年报信息列入不良名单的电信业务经营者，履行报告年报信息义务的，经电信管理机构确认后移出。依据第四十二条，列入不良名单的电信业务经营者，一年内未再次受到电信管理机构行政处罚的，由电信管理机构移出不良名单。
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不良名单的列入和移出，具有“易进易出”特点。电信业务经营者受到一次行政处罚，就要被列入不良名单，说明不良名单的列入门槛较低。设置较低的不良名单列入门槛，是为了督促企业守法经营。因为极易列入不良名单，企业就会格外注意自己的行为，避免轻易列入。若列入门槛较高，比如一年内被行政处罚三次才列入，企业就会存在侥幸心态（一年被处罚两次，就可以不被列入）。
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被列入不良名单的电信业务经营者，只要一年内不被电信管理机构处罚，就可以被移出不良名单。这说明不良名单的移出门槛低，具有“易出”特点。企业被列入不良名单后，很容易就能达到“移出”标准，会积极守法经营，努力寻求摘掉“不良”的标签。若移出门槛较高，比如三年内未被处罚才可以移出，企业难以达到这个标准，则企业继续破罐破摔的可能性就大，积极守法经营寻求移出的动力就小。
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2.失信名单的列入和移出
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失信名单的适用对象包括电信业务经营者和其他主体，如无证经营电信业务的企业。原则上，列入失信名单的企业，应当首先被列入不良名单，即依据《电信业务经营许可管理办法》第四十二条第二款规定，列入不良名单的电信业务经营者，三年内再次受到电信管理机构责令停业整顿、吊销经营许可证的处罚，或者具有工业和信息化部规定的其他情形的，列入电信业务经营失信名单。
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需要注意的是，列入不良名单的企业若一年内未被电信管理机构处罚将被移出不良名单，移出不良名单的企业若在第四十二条第二款规定的期限内被责令停业整顿、吊销经营许可证，是否应列入失信名单？答案是肯定的。列入不良名单的企业三年内无论是否被移出不良名单，只要被责令停业整顿、吊销经营许可证，就应被列入失信名单。
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《电信业务经营许可管理办法》原则上将不良名单作为失信名单的过渡，但为了遏制违法，规定了可以直接列入失信名单的三种情形：一是以等不正当手段取得电信业务经营许可的，直接列入失信名单（第四十五条）；二是擅自经营电信业务或者超范围经营电信业务，情节严重、给予责令停业整顿处罚的，直接列入失信名单（第四十六条）；三是当事人被电信管理机构行政处罚逾期不申请行政复议也不提起行政诉讼，又不履行行政处罚决定的，列入电信业务经营失信名单（第四十九条）。
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依据《电信业务经营许可管理办法》第四十二条第三款，列入电信业务经营失信名单后，三年内未再次受到电信管理机构行政处罚的，由电信管理机构移出失信名单。
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失信名单的列入和移出，具有“难进难出”特点。“难进”，指只有违法行为严重的少数企业才可以进入失信名单，说明《电信业务经营许可管理办法》未泛化使用信用管理，妥善处理了信用管理与行政处罚等常规管理方式在行业管理体系中的功能定位，体现了办法重“引导”而非“责罚”。“难出”，对应于“难进”，既然已经设立较高的列入标准，只有严重违法的企业才被列入失信名单，为了惩治和遏制违法，需要设置较高的移出标准，以体现信用管理的威慑性。中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜
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三、制度特色
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（一）开放性
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《电信业务经营许可管理办法》主要规范了电信业务经营许可证的申请、审批、使用和注销、吊销等内容，所设立的不良名单和失信名单，并非仅适用于许可证的申请、审批等活动，而是一种适用于整个电信和互联网行业管理的开放性机制。
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根据第四十二条“电信业务经营者受到电信管理机构行政处罚的，由电信管理机构自作出行政处罚决定之日起30日内列入电信业务经营不良名单”“三年内再次受到电信管理机构责令停业整顿、吊销经营许可证的处罚，或者具有工业和信息化部规定的其他情形的，由电信管理机构列入电信业务经营失信名单”等规定，列入不良名单和失信名单的主要标准是被电信管理机构行政处罚。
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通俗地讲，电信企业或者互联网企业，只要是被电信管理机构行政处罚，而无论处罚的依据是《反恐怖主义法》《网络安全法》《建设工程质量管理条例》，还是《电信条例》《互联网信息服务管理办法》《规范互联网信息服务市场秩序若干规定》，都要纳入不良名单或者失信名单管理。
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（二）动态性
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动态化运作，是《电信业务经营许可管理办法》所设计的信用管理制度的特色。所有取得电信业务经营许可证的电信和互联网企业，都是“两单”的适用对象；由于列入不良名单的门槛低，企业会保有较高的注意心态，避免轻易违法进入不良名单；进入不良名单或者失信名单后，仍有移出机会和途径，会督促企业寻求漂白身份。
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不良名单和失信名单的运作，对于企业而言是有进能出，伴有自新机会，而非进得来出不去，这会强化企业建立正确的经营理念。总之，通过不良名单和失信名单之间动态的列入和移出，以及高低不同的列入和移出门槛，可以引导和督促企业守法经营，积极寻求改正。
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（三）科学性
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《电信业务经营许可管理办法》对信用管理的运用和制度设计，保持了克制，未像其他行业那样将履约表现、FY判决等作为信用管理的考量因素，以保障企业的主体性和参与市场活动的能动性。办法将处罚作为“两单”运作的主要判断标准，而不是违法行为，由于处罚的成立需要处罚决定书的外在表现形式，具有认定简便的特点。
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相较于原来核发电信业务经营许可证的“公司及其主要出资者和主要经营管理人员三年内无违反电信监督管理制度的违法记录”的条件，办法“公司及其主要投资者和主要经营管理人员未被列入电信业务经营失中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜信名单”的规定，考虑了违法行为情节的轻重因素，同时极大缩减了“”在电信业务经营许可证审批条件中所占的比重，大量减少了对企业从事电信经营活动资格和能力的限制，对于保障创业创新具有重要意义。
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办法未对违法行为在常规的行政处罚之外设定其他责罚方式或者手段，仅是以行政处罚情况为基础，通过“两单”的动态运作，就可以发挥出比单纯行政处罚更好的督促企业守法经营的效果。同时，由于“处罚”的作出需要电信管理机构开展，“两单”建立在“处罚”基础上的运作，可以督促电信管理机构加强监管。这些充分体现了制度设计的科学性。
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The management method of telecommunication business license (Ministry of industry ａnd information technology order No. forty-second) has set up a bad list of telecom businesses ａnd a list of dishonest letters, ａnd has implemented credit management, which has changed the concept, ideas ａnd means of industry management for many years. The way of interpretation ａnd specific system design of credit management concept is characterized by proper cognition, clear standard ａnd simple operation. The system function of credit management is very distinctive ａnd unique. The bad list ａnd discredited list, which are applicable to telecommunications ａnd Internet companies, will have a profound impact on the industry.
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1. Operation principle
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The principle of the operation of credit management can be summed up as "responsible for yesterday＇s behavior ａnd responsible for today＇s behavior". For example, the telecommunications business operators who operate over the scope of the serious circumstances of the telecommunications business will be given the punishment to be ordered to shut down. To suspend business for rectification is a negative evaluation of the law on the illegal operation of telecom operators over the scope of the operation of telecommunications business, ａnd it is the adverse consequences for telecom operators to commit their illegal activities.
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According to the forty-sixth article "the management method of the telecom business operation license", the foregoing enterprise should be included in the list of the telecommunication business operation discredit. According to the provisions of the fifth ａnd sixth articles, the enterprise is listed in the list of discredit, ａnd will not be able to apply for or continue the operation license of the telecommunication business. Therefore, if the enterprises have been included in the list of promises, now can not apply for the telecommunications business license, which is today responsible for yesterday＇s behavior; if the future is now included in the list of promises, within the statutory period can not apply for the telecommunications business license, which is responsible for the behavior of "tomorrow today".
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"Today is responsible for yesterday＇s behavior, ａnd tomorrow is responsible for today＇s behavior," in essence, to lengthen the time span of a negative assessment of the behavior. The foregoing enterprise has been shut down ａnd has been punished for its illegal actions, that is, to be responsible for its own behavior. The operating basis of the modern market economy is the autonomy of the meaning ａnd responsibility for its own behavior. Autonomy refers to the main market of their own interests ａnd behavior to make decisions or punishment; they are responsible for their own behavior, is the extension of the autonomy of the interests, refers to the market main body to decide the disposition ａnd bear the legal consequences, including interests ａnd interests.
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From an administrative point of view, an administrative punishment is given on the basis of considering the seriousness of the plot ａnd the consequences of an illegal act, which is to let the perpetrator be responsible for his actions. However, credit management is to allow the perpetrator to be responsi中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜ble for their behavior ａnd to be responsible for their behavior. From the perspective of time axis, administrative punishment or civil liability is a qualitative evaluation of illegal behavior at a time point, while credit management is a qualitative evaluation of illegal behavior in a time period.
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Credit management is a negative evaluation time span for violations by elongated, restrictions on the behavior of people engaged in related activities within a period of time the ability ａnd qualifications, increased responsibility, can urge the people aware of the consequences of illegal behavior is not a pain, but long pain, cautious behavior, positive law.
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Two. Operation mechanism
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(1) overall consideration
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The market economy is the rule of law economy, the rule of law respects ａnd guarantees the subjectivity of the actor, ａnd guarantees the party＇s autonomy from the system. At the same time, civil liability, administrative liability ａnd criminal liability set, factors to consider the seriousness, subjective fault, causal relationship, social influence, let people responsible for their actions, which belongs to the limited liability ａnd unlimited liability, the purpose is to protect the perpetrator＇s autonomy.
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Besides routine legal liability, credit management limits the activity capacity, scope ａnd qualification of the actor, which is different from the establishment of the basic value of the rule of law. Because the credit management in addition to the legal responsibility of normal, restrict the behavior of people engaged in activities related to the ability ａnd qualifications, although can supervise the behavior of law-abiding, but if not control is used, will not be conducive to the market ａnd actively participate in market activities, hinder the vitality of the market burst.
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The management method of telecommunication business license is based on administrative penalties ａnd administrative penalties as a standard. The two links of credit management ａnd administrative penalties are effectively linked. "Management measures" telecommunications business license restrictions included in the list of promises of the situation, is limited to serious violations ａnd rectification, revoke the license ａnd a heavier punishment, is actually the administrative punishment as a routine means of management, the credit management system for unconventional means of management. As a whole, the telecommunication business license management measures respect the market rule, use the credit management means prudently, suspend ａnd use cautiously, ａnd give full play to the deterrent effect of the credit management mechanism, so as to achieve leniency ａnd strictness.
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(two) specific mechanisms
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"Management measures" telecommunications business license thirty-seventh on the list of bad ａnd the list of promises made provisions in principle, requirements of telecommunication management mechanism according to the random sampling, the daily supervision ａnd inspection of the administr中兴ZXDU68 H001 中兴100A壁挂通信电源柜ative records established "two single", ａnd is regularly updated ａnd shown to the public. The bad list itself does not have the limitation to be included in the activity of the main body or the validity of the qualification, which reflects the characteristic of "reputation punishment", that is, paste the "bad" label on the list of subjects ａnd publicized it to the public. The list of lost letters has the ability to limit the ability to be included in the main body of activities.
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